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All business organizations whether it is the government, a private business or small business man require planning. To turn their dreams of increase in sale, earning high profit and getting success in businessкомпютри втора употребамебели all business man have to think about future make predictions and achieve target. To decide what to do, how to do and when to do they do planning. The planning function managers decide in advance what is to be done. When activities are planned in advance then there are less chances of confusion and wastage of resources. Planned activities bring reduction in cost as result the efficiency improves. The planning function is needed only when different alternatives are available and we have select most suitable alternative. We can not imagine planning in absence of choice because in planning function managers evaluate various alternatives and select the most appropriate. Bit if there in one alternative available then there is no requirement of planning.

The term business refers to production purchase, sale and exchange of goods and services on a regular basis with the aim of earning profits by satisfying human wants. It includes all industrial and commercial activities such as mining, manufacturing, trading transportation, warehousing, banking insurance and others. Business is an economic activity and it may be carried out either on a larger scale or on a small business scale.
Business is an economic activity because it is concerned with the production and distribution goods and services in order to create wealth. Business aims satisfying the wants of society through optimum utilization of scarce resources.

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Business is an integral part of society and it must, therefore, fulfill the expectations of society. Business activities should be carried on in a socially desirable manner. In fact, profits can beat be earned in the long run by putting the needs of society above profit. In other words, service first and profit next should be the motto of business because business has no meaning unless it can serve and satisfy customer at a profit. Business is expected to supply the goods of good quality at reasonable price. Consumers prefer to buy a product which is pure, safe or durable in quality and is available at a reasonable price. Therefore, producing and selling goods of proper quality at reasonable prices in an important social objective should of business. A businessman should not indulge in anti-social practical like hoarding, black marketing and adulteration to make quick money.

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Literal meaning of conference is consolation. It is highly structured way to convey a message or specific information with the help of audio-visual formal classroom sessions of training can be made more interesting. Vestibule school means duplicate model of business organization. Generally when the expansive and delicate machineries are involved then business employers avoid using on the job methods of training. A dummy model of machinery is prepared and instead of using original machinery employees are trained on dummy model. Sometimes the accountants who have to make entries in inventory register or cash register they are first supplied the duplicate register with the same columns as in original registers and when they becomes perfect in making entries in duplicate register then they are handed over original register. Vestibule school is an off the job method of training which makes use of benefit of o the job method.
Showing films is also a very effective method in certain cases. Films can give important information on various techniques through demonstrative skill. Under this method computer is programmed to show real problems of job and how to overcome such problem.

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The workers seeking to enter skilled jobs are sent for apprenticeship training programmer which is an on the job method of training. In the apprenticeship programmer, a master worker or a trainer is appointed who guides the worker or learner regarding the skill of job. The master worker performs the job and the trainee observes him performing. When the learner learns all the skills then slowly he starts taking up the job step by step and master worker becomes the observer. When the trainee becomes perfect in doing the job then master worker goes and trainee get full charge of job position. Generally the time period for apprenticeship programmer may vary from 2 to 5 years.
Job rotation is an on the job method of training in which the business employee is shifted from one job position to other for short interval of time to a make hi aware of requirements of all the job position. In banks the employees are shifted from one counter to other so that they learn the requirements of all the counters. In this method superior guides and instruct the trainee as a coach. He guides business employee, how he can over-come his weaknesses and make his strength more strong, superior suggest the changes required in the behavior and performance of the employee.

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The government of India has taken several measures to solve the problem of small scale business and to enable them to play an effective role in the country’s economy. The central and stage government have set up several institution or agencies liberal and assistance to small business. This agency provides technical and managerial assistance to small scale units.  It offers common service and tool room facilities and conducts training programmers or the managerial and technical personnel of small scale units. It has set up16 small industry service institutes, 27 branch institutes, 61 extension centers, 5 production centers and 2 training centers. Four regional testing centers have been set up to provide testing facilities in mechanical, metallurgical, electrical and chemical trades. It has established two new tool rooms at Calcutta and Ludhiana. The central institute of tool designs, Hyderabad and the institute for design of electrical measuring instruments, Bombay have been set up to provide technical guidance and training to small scale entrepreneurs.

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The business management always aims at achieving the organizational objectives. The functions and activities of manager lead to the achievement of business organizational objective; if the objective of a company is to sell 1000 computers then manager will plan the course of action, motivate all the employees and organize all the resource keeping in mind the main target of selling 1000 computers. Management is a separate activity which consists of planning, organization, communication, staffing and controlling. The management can also be studied as a separated as a separate activity as it can be studied, experimented and practiced. Management always refers to a people involved in managerial activities. The management functions can not be performed in isolation. Each individual performs his/her role at his/her status and department, and then only management function can be executed. Even the result of management affects every individual and every department of the business organization so it always refers to a group effort and not the individual effort of one person. Management function can not be physically seen but its presence can be felt.

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The candidates who quality the test are called for interview. To conduct the final interview a panel of expects is called. The business consultants who are specialized in their fields ask questions from the candidates to test his professional or specialized knowledge related to the job. The interview has many advantages over written test because in interviews you can find out the confidence level of the candidate long with his professional knowledge, interview fives chance to candidate also to clarify their queries regarding salary, working conditions, posting. In the application form the candidate is asked to give the names of two references. If the candidate qualifies the interview then the organization prefers to check with the references about the personal character of the candidate. Most of the time the references are biased because the candidate himself has given their names. But the business organizations can cross-check the information given by the candidate with the references.

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The Business organization prefers to conduct written test to find out the practical knowledge of the candidates. The type of test to be conducted depends on the requirement of the organization. The companies can go for their own tailor- made test. Trade test is conducted to check the basic knowledge and skill of the candidate related to vacant job position. If the candidate has no basic then he is not allowed to go further in the selection process. In trade test only simple questions related to job are asked. To check the ability of an accountant the east is conducted to know whether the person can do book keeping or weather he know books of accounts or not.
The performance test is conducted to check the efficiency level of the employees in performing the job. The performance test means assignment of job related to vacant job position and testing the ability of business employees. For the vacant job position of a computer programmer the candidate may be asked to develop a software package of pay roil or financial accounting. Psychological test is conducted to find out the human behavior of the candidate.

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As end result of recruitment function organizations receive large number of applications and business selection process begins at this stage by screening the applications. In selecting the number of rejected applicants is generally more than the selected candidate that is why selection is considered as a negative process. When lager numbers of applications are received by the managers as a result recruitment function then the selection process begins with the screening and detailed investigation of the applicants. While scrutinizing the applications the mangers compare the qualifications and the the capabilities specified in application from with the requirement of vacant job position. If there is match between both then applicant is called for interview. But if there no match then application is rejected.

The candidates whose applications are selected are called for preliminary interviews. It is the first round of interview which is conducted by any of the personnel managers. No professional expects or specialized people are invited to take interview.

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